Coach parents cared deeply about their children, too. Korean parenting, by contrast, were coaches. In most of the countries where parents took the PISA survey, parents who participated in a PTA had teenagers who performed worse in reading.
However, there was not much evidence that PTA parents helped their children become critical thinkers. And PTA parents certainly contributed to the school’s culture, budget, and sense of community. These were the parents that Kim’s principal in Oklahoma praised as highly involved. They were their kids’ boosters, their number-one fans. They doled out praise and trophies at a rate unmatched in other countries. They dutifully sold cupcakes at the bake sales and helped coach the soccer teams. So, it was understandable that PTA parents focused their energies on the nonacademic side of their children’s school. Despite a lack of evidence, the self-esteem movement took hold in the United States in a way that it did not in most of the world. During the 1980s and 1990s, American parents and teachers had been bombarded by claims that children’s self-esteem needed to be protected from competition (and reality) in order for them to succeed. “They suspected that children learned best through undirected free play-and that a child’s psyche was sensitive and fragile.
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